The average global surface temperature for the first six months of this year, according to NOAA was the third highest since the beginning of records. Its value in June 2014 byla podle údajů NOAA a JMA dokonce nejvyšší od začátku měření (více here). The Czech Republic had average monthly temperatures in the first half of the year 2014 také kladné odchylky od dlouhodobého průměru (s výjimkou května, viz here), and according to preliminary data CHMI air temperature was in July 2014 approximately 2 ° C above the long term average for the period 1961-1990. To commemorate the comparison and a brief assessment years 2013 from the perspective of extreme weather events around the world.
Year 2013
In terms of global temperature was the year 2013 sixth warmest year since 1850, annual average global surface temperature was about 0,5 ° C higher than the average for the period 1961-1990. So far the warmest years 2010, 2005 a 1998 were marked by episodes of El-Nino phenomenon, Thus, the positive phase of the so-called. Jižní oscilace (ENSO), year 2013 was neutral in this respect. Do temperature conditions in the northern hemisphere, however, significantly affected the so-called negative phase. Arctic Oscillation, culminating in March. This caused a below average spring temperatures in most of Europe, in the Southeast USA, in northwest Russia and in parts of Japan, But it also brought above-average spring temperatures in the Arctic, in northern and central Africa, in the eastern Mediterranean, the south of Russia and in most of China.
Summer 2013 in various regions of the world
Let's start in Europe. Beginning last summer in Central Europe was marked by episodes of intense precipitation, which led to floods, which affected a number of places in the Czech Republic including Prague. The floods were not only on the Vltava and Elbe, but also on the Danube and other rivers in Austria, Germany, Švýcarsko and Poland. Despite this episode withholding last summer was very hot, in July, Portugal was hit by the worst hot spell since 1941. In August fell many absolute temperature records in Austria, Slovenia and Slovakia. Even in the Czech Republic were many stations recorded temperature records.
Very warm summer was also in East Asia, konkrétně v Japonsku (rekordně teplé léto), South Korea and China, Furthermore there has occurred in many areas of dry, which affected around 78 million people. In India and Pakistan occurred in late May heat wave, which result in the deaths of more than 2800 people. The following monsoon rains have brought in terms of average surface normal, However, instead of anomalously high rainfall, leading to numerous flooding the whole area. Unusually high rainfall in late July and August also caused floods in the basin of the Amur in the Russian-Chinese border and in adjacent areas.
Within Africa, the whole year 2013 very warm, the second warmest in history. The center and south of the continent also suffered from lack of precipitation, which in Angola and Namibia resulted in the worst drought in 30 let. Suffered from food shortages in these countries over 2 million people. Despite prevailing lack of rainfall on the African continent occurred in certain areas to flooding, in the summer, heavy rains caused floods in Sudan, that influenced 500 000 people, local flooding were also in Mali.
In North America, the cooler spring caused by a negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation, the temperature in the summer back above normal, Alaska was even a second hottest summer in history, Mexico was record heat in July and August. Although rained for the whole year in Canada below average rainfall, around Calgary took place in June to devastating floods, had to be evacuated nearly 100 000 resident. Deep below normal rainfall fell on the contrary, in the southwestern part of the USA, which together with high temperatures and drought led to the worst fire in California history.
Year 2013 was in most regions of South America above normal, v Argentině zaznamenali druhý nejteplejší prosinec (tedy začátek tamějšího léta) od začátku měření, hit worst heat wave since 1987. Northeast Brazil experienced the worst drought in 50 let, caused by anomalously low precipitation within the local monsoon season between September 2012 to May 2013. During December 2013 there was a record high rainfall and subsequent floods and landslides in southeast Brazil. Thanks neutral ENSO index during the year, there were no significantly above average rainfall and other anomalies on the west coast of South America.
In Australia last year was the warmest period of observation since 1910, membership 2013 (součást tamního léta) byl navíc nejteplejší měsíc v historii měření. In Moomba air temperature reached values 49,6 °C, the highest measured temperature in South Australia, temperature record was also for example in Sydney. During January, but were also the eastern Queensland and northern New South Wales hit by devastating floods. Long periods of low rainfall, which began at the end of the year 2012, brought severe drought in the northern part of the Marshall Islands. The northern and eastern parts of New Zealand were also affected by drought.
Processed by WMO, 2014: WMO statement on the status of the global climate in 2013, WMO-No. 1130, World Meteorological Organization, 2014. ISBN 978-92-63-11130-2
