Summary of Köppen climate classification (KCC) types according to Köppen (1936). T denotes mean annual temperature (°C), P is the mean annual rainfall (cm). Tcold (Twarm) stands for monthly mean air temperature of the coldest (warmest) month. Pmax denotes maximum of rainfall during the year.
Type | Criteria | Subtype | Rainfall regime |
---|---|---|---|
A |
Tcold > 18 °C P above value given in B |
Af | Monthly precipitation ≥ 60 mm for all months |
Aw | Monthly precipitation < 60 mm for several months; dry season in low–sun period or winter half of year; annual rainfall insufficient to compensate this enough to allow forest | ||
As | Monthly precipitation < 60 mm for several months; dry season in high-sun period or summer half of year; annual rainfall insufficient to compensate this enough to allow forest (occurs rarely) | ||
Am | Driest month < 60 mm, rainfall in the rainy season compensates this enough to allow forest | ||
B |
P < 2T+28 for Pmax in summer; P < 2T for Pmax in winter; P < 2T+14 if rainfall is evenly distributed |
BS |
(2T+28)/2 < P < 2T+28 for Pmax in summer; (2T)/2 < P < 2T for Pmax in winter; (2T+14)/2 < P < 2T+14 if rainfall evenly distributed |
BW | P < (2T+28)/2 for Pmax in summer; P < (2T)/2 for Pmax in winter; P < (2T+14)/2 if rainfall evenly distributed |
||
C |
Tcold from 18 to -3 °C Twarm > 10 °C P above value given in B |
Cs | Summer dry; wettest (winter) month must have more than 3 times the average rainfall of the driest (summer) month; the driest summer month less than 40 mm |
Cw | Winter dry; wettest (summer) month has ≥10 times the rainfall of the driest (winter) month | ||
Cf | No dry season | ||
D |
Tcold < -3 °C Twarm > 10 °C P above value given in B |
Ds | Summer dry (the same condition as in Cs) (occurs rarely) |
Dw | Winter dry (the same condition as in Cw) | ||
Df | No dry season | ||
E | Twarm < 10 °C | ET | 0 °C < Twarm < 10 °C |
EF | Mean air temperature of all months < 0 °C |