Köppen Classification

Summary of Köppen climate classification (KCC) types according to Köppen (1936). T denotes mean annual temperature (°C), P is the mean annual rainfall (cm). Tcold (Twarm) stands for monthly mean air temperature of the coldest (warmest) month. Pmax denotes maximum of rainfall during the year.

Type Criteria Subtype Rainfall regime
A Tcold > 18 °C
P above value given in B
Af Monthly precipitation ≥ 60 mm for all months
Aw Monthly precipitation < 60 mm for several months; dry season in low–sun period or winter half of year; annual rainfall insufficient to compensate this enough to allow forest
As Monthly precipitation < 60 mm for several months; dry season in high-sun period or summer half of year; annual rainfall insufficient to compensate this enough to allow forest (occurs rarely)
Am Driest month < 60 mm, rainfall in the rainy season compensates this enough to allow forest
B P < 2T+28 for Pmax in summer;
P < 2T for Pmax in winter;
P < 2T+14 if rainfall is evenly distributed
BS (2T+28)/2 < P < 2T+28 for Pmax in summer;
(2T)/2 < P < 2T for Pmax in winter;
(2T+14)/2 < P < 2T+14 if rainfall evenly distributed
BW P < (2T+28)/2 for Pmax in summer;
P < (2T)/2 for Pmax in winter;
P < (2T+14)/2 if rainfall evenly distributed
C Tcold from 18 to -3 °C
Twarm > 10 °C
P above value given in B
Cs Summer dry; wettest (winter) month must have more than 3 times the average rainfall of the driest (summer) month; the driest summer month less than 40 mm
Cw Winter dry; wettest (summer) month has ≥10 times the rainfall of the driest (winter) month
Cf No dry season
D Tcold < -3 °C
Twarm > 10 °C
P above value given in B
Ds Summer dry (the same condition as in Cs) (occurs rarely)
Dw Winter dry (the same condition as in Cw)
Df No dry season
E Twarm < 10 °C ET 0 °C < Twarm < 10 °C
EF Mean air temperature of all months < 0 °C